美国发布45V清洁氢生产税收抵免最终规则 后续立法将抵免提前终止Treasury/IRS final regulations on the section 45V clean hydrogen production credit

2025年1月10日,美国财政部/国税局在《联邦公报》发布45V清洁氢生产税收抵免最终规则(TD 10023,RIN 1545-BQ97,90 FR 2224—2329),落实《通胀削减法案》相关条款,规则自发布日起生效。
核心口径:以「从井口到厂门」(well-to-gate)全生命周期温室气体排放率为准,使用能源部45VH2-GREET模型;清洁氢排放率不得高于4 kgCO₂e/kg H₂,按四档适用比例确定抵免额,满足现行工资与学徒(PWA)要求可享5倍抵免。电解水制氢若使用能源属性证书(EAC)将用电归属到特定发电机组,须满足时间匹配、可交付性与额外性等条件;额外性指发电机组在制氢设施投运前后36个月内投运或扩容。规则还涵盖甲烷重整配碳捕集、可再生天然气、煤矿甲烷等路径。
政策变动:2025年《One Big Beautiful Bill Act》(Public Law 119-21)取消对2027年后开工设施的45V抵免,IRS已在2025年版Form 7210填报说明中列明「Termination date」。这一变化直接压缩美国绿氢及下游绿氨、绿甲醇项目的投资窗口,是评估北美绿色燃料供给时需要计入的制度变量。
英文原文摘录:"Section 45V(c)(1)(B) provides that lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions ... shall only include emissions through the point of production (well-to-gate), as determined under the most recent Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation model (commonly referred to as the 'GREET model') developed by Argonne National Laboratory, or a successor model."
英文原文摘录(IRS Form 7210说明):"Termination date. Public Law 119-21, commonly known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, eliminates the section 45V clean hydrogen production credit for facilities beginning construction after 2027."
配套原文:https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i7210
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