美国能源部发布国家清洁氢战略与路线图 明确氨、甲醇改用清洁氢可减排90%以上U.S. National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap: Ammonia and Methanol as Early Markets

《美国国家清洁氢战略与路线图》依据《基础设施投资与就业法》第40314条制定，2022年9月发布草案征求意见，正式版于2023年6月发布（DOE官方演示材料标注发布日为2023年6月5日），由多部门及白宫气候政策办公室共同参与，并要求至少每三年更新一次。文件提出三大战略：聚焦高影响力端用、降低清洁氢成本、聚焦区域网络；给出2030年约1000万吨、2040年约2000万吨、2050年约5000万吨清洁氢的情景目标，以及2026年电解制氢2美元/kg、2031年1美元/kg的Hydrogen Shot成本目标。

与绿氢氨醇直接相关的表述：文件指出氨与甲醇制造占化工行业温室气体排放的大部分、两者均以天然气为原料，「若改用清洁氢，这两个过程可实现90%以上减排」；测算2050年合成氨装置脱碳全部国内常规需求需4—5 MMT/年清洁氢，若美国甲醇供应的一半改用清洁氢需1—3 MMT/年；并指出氨可作为氢载体利用既有基础设施，甲醇的新用途（作为燃料或氢载体）是市场增长变量。文件还提到DOE资助了对甲醇、氨、甲基环己烷等氢载体的成本与全生命周期排放分析，ARPA-E资助合成氨创新路径与模块化「氢转氨」系统。

英文原文摘录："For instance, ammonia and methanol manufacturing account for the majority of global GHG emissions from chemicals, and both sectors rely on natural gas as a feedstock. These processes can be decarbonized by over 90 percent if they use clean hydrogen."

英文原文摘录："An additional 4-5 MMT/year of clean hydrogen could be consumed by ammonia plants to decarbonize all domestic demand for conventional uses, such as fertilizer production."；"If clean hydrogen were used for half of the U.S. methanol supply in 2050, 1-3 MMT/year would be required to satisfy demand."

英文原文摘录："Hydrogen is already used as an essential feedstock in the production of ammonia and methanol. In conventional ammonia and methanol plants in the United States, natural gas reforming is used to produce syngas that is then converted into ammonia ... or methanol immediately downstream."

英文原文摘录："Activities in this sector include several analyses funded by DOE to assess the cost and life cycle emissions to produce hydrogen carriers, including methanol, ammonia, and methylcyclohexane."

报告全文PDF：https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/us-national-clean-hydrogen-strategy-roadmap.pdf