美国能源部《工业脱碳路线图》把氨、甲醇生产路线转向低碳氢原料列为优先方向DOE Industrial Decarbonization Roadmap: Shift Ammonia and Methanol Production to Low-Carbon Hydrogen

美国能源部能效与可再生能源办公室于2022年9月发布《工业脱碳路线图》（Industrial Decarbonization Roadmap，报告号 DOE/EE-2635，241页），面向钢铁、化工、食品饮料、炼油、水泥五个碳密集行业，提出2050年净零排放路径。文件确立四大支柱：能效提升、工业电气化、低碳燃料／原料／能源替代（LCFFES）、碳捕集利用与封存（CCUS），并强调需并行推进、以示范降低风险。

与绿色氢氨醇直接相关的内容：化工章节把氨、甲醇、乙烯、BTX芳烃列为代表性基础化学品，并把「从氨、甲醇、乙烯的传统生产路线，转向使用由低碳能源制取和／或配CCUS的蒸汽甲烷重整所产氢为原料的工艺」列为优先研发示范方向；情景分析指出，共享电气化与LCFFES路径贡献了最大的减排量，其中很大一部分正来自上述原料路线切换。路线图还提出「以CO₂与清洁氢、生物质等低净碳原料，在与现有炼厂相当的规模上生产低净碳排放液体运输燃料」。文件同时提示：若电解制氢所用电网未脱碳，扩大电解氢反而可能推高排放。

英文原文摘录："Priority approaches include: • Shift from conventional production routes for ammonia, methanol, and ethylene to processes that use hydrogen produced from low-carbon energy and/or steam methane reformers (SMR) with CCUS."

英文原文摘录："The shared electrification and LCFFES pathways make the largest contribution to CO2 emissions reduction, a large portion of which is related to a shift from conventional production routes for ammonia, methanol, and ethylene to processes that use hydrogen produced from clean energy."

英文原文摘录："Hydrogen is a key reactant in several chemical reactions where it is incorporated directly (e.g., ammonia) or indirectly (e.g., methanol where organic matter from natural gas, biomass, etc., is converted to synthesis gas containing hydrogen)."

英文原文摘录："Develop capabilities for produce low-net carbon emission liquid transportation fuels from low-net carbon feedstocks (such as CO2 and clean hydrogen, biomass, and other wastes streams) at scales comparable to current refinery capacities."

英文原文摘录："LCFFES technology includes fuel-flexible processes, clean hydrogen fuels and feedstocks, biofuels and biofeedstocks, nuclear, concentrating solar power, and geothermal."

全文PDF（DOE OSTI）：https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1961393

说明：DOE原栏目页与2022年PDF直链在官网改版后已失效，本条原文链接采用DOE科学与技术信息办公室（OSTI）报告页，全文由OSTI purl提供；文件标注为「September 2022」，表中发布时间取当月首日以便后台导入。