日本氢社会推进法确立低碳氢氨差价支持 补贴期15年Japan's Hydrogen Society Promotion Act: 15-year price-gap support for low-carbon hydrogen and ammonia

日本《关于促进低碳氢等供给及利用以实现向脱碳成长型经济结构顺利过渡的法律》（简称「氢社会推进法」）于2024年5月17日通过、2024年10月施行。经济产业省（METI）资源能源厅发布英文官方说明，明确支持对象为「低碳氢等」，除氢之外还包括氨、合成燃料与合成甲烷。

制度要点：供给方与需求方联合编制事业计划，经主管大臣认定后，由JOGMEC（能源·金属矿物资源机构）对低碳氢等与既有化石原燃料之间的价差给予最长15年补贴（「着眼价格差的支援」，本质为差价合约CfD）；支持期结束后另有10年持续供应义务。补贴覆盖日本国内制造成本，或海外生产加海上运输成本；另设枢纽整备支持，覆盖储罐、管道等共用基础设施的FEED与工程建设费用。

与绿氨、绿醇的关系：据METI氢氨政策小委员会2024年6月公布的审议资料，低碳氢的碳强度门槛为well-to-gate不高于3.4 kgCO₂e/kg-H₂，氨不高于0.87 kgCO₂e/kg-NH₃；以绿电制取的氨与合成燃料可纳入认定范围。该法是日本拉动绿氨进口、发电掺烧与化工替代需求的核心政策工具。

英文原文摘录："Businesses that plan to supply low-carbon hydrogen, etc., by producing it in Japan or importing it will prepare business plans jointly with businesses that plan to use it. If their business plans are examined and approved by the minister in charge, they are eligible to receive public support for 15 years from the commencement of supply, while they are under the obligation to supply for further ten years from the termination of the support."

英文原文摘录："Subsidies will be granted by JOGMEC (Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security) to approved businesses concerning the support focusing on the price gap or hub development program."

执行机构页面：https://www.jogmec.go.jp/hydrogen/hydrogen_10_00001.html